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Tennessee State Name Origin:
What does the name Tennessee mean?
The state of Tennessee was named after a Cherokee Indian village called Tanasi. Tanasi was also the Cherokee word for the river. Tennessee became the
16th state on June 1, 1796. Many states derive their names from native American languages |
Tennessee
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A little about Tennessee's History
Pre 20th Century History Ancient mound-builders and the wandering Shawnee of Algonquin stock
occupied modern Nashville's Cumberland River bluffs centuries ago. Europeans first settled the area in 1779 as Fort Nashborough (the Anglocentric name was
Americanised five years later). The legendary Daniel Boone had a hand in the deal, and his Wilderness Road brought emigrants over the Appalachians from Virginia,
the Carolinas, and the northeastern states. Nashville developed rapidly as a trade and manufacturing center; it was chartered in 1806 and named state capital in
1843.
Its vital position on the Cumberland River (linking to the Mississippi navigation system) and at the crossroads of important rail lines made it a strategic point
during the Civil War. As federal troops advanced upriver, the legislature picked up and moved to Memphis, and within the week Nashville surrendered. Another
legendary Tennesseean, Andrew Johnson (then a US Senator), was appointed military governor and installed Union loyalists to occupy and impose martial law on
Nashville from 1862 to 1865, which left the city intact.
Confederates aimed their sights on Nashville to cut off the rail lines supplying Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's campaign against Atlanta, and the two
armies fought the Battle of Nashville south of the city in 1864. Confederate General Thomas Hood's troops were destroyed.
The city's economic recovery after the Civil War was hampered by two major cholera epidemics, which killed about a thousand people and caused thousands more to
flee. The Centennial Exposition in 1897, for which the still-standing reproduction of the Greek Parthenon was built, signaled the city's eventual recovery.
Modern Day History Nashville's Maxwell family established the world-recognized
Maxwell House Coffee business here. Teddy Roosevelt himself proclaimed it 'good to the last drop' at the Maxwell House Hotel downtown. The Maxwell estate is now a
fine arts center and botanical garden open to the public.
But eventually, Nashville became best known around the globe for the rocketing popularity of its live broadcast Barn Dance - later sarcastically nicknamed the
'Grand Ole Opry' - which began in 1925. The city was quickly proclaimed the Country Music Capital of the World, and recording studios and production companies
established themselves along Music Row just west of downtown.
In the 1960s, students from the all-black Fisk University led sit-in demonstrations at lunch counters downtown, encouraged an economic boycott and marched on city
hall to demand desegregated facilities. Their successful non-violent protests served as a model and catalyst for civil rights demonstrations throughout the South.
In the 1970s, Nashville's patron Gaylord Enterprises invented the Oprylandia empire and shaped the city's country music tourist business by moving the Grand Ole
Opry, renovating the Ryman Auditorium, sending boats up and down the river and contributing to the economic revitalization of the downtown riverfront.
Recent History Today, Nashville draws a wide mix of friendly locals and talented
transients who play small stages and hope their dreams will come true - that they'll sign multi-million-dollar recording contracts and be the next Shania Twain or
Garth Brooks. The resulting glut of excellent musicians and songwriters has created an exciting, ever-evolving music scene. Though sprawling in many directions,
both geographically and culturally, Nashville is still a small town at heart. |
State Wildflower
The story of Tennessee's state wildflower, the passionflower, began in 1919 when state school children named it as their favorite and it was adopted
as Tennessee's state flower. Yes, the passion flower was initially Tennessee's one and only state flower. It was adopted in 1919 by Senate Joint Resolution No. 13. |
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Adoption of the Tennessee State Cultivated
Flower
Passionflower - Tennessee's First Official Flower On January 13, 1919, the
Sixty-first General Assembly of Tennessee adopted Senate Joint Resolution No. 13. This legislation defined the mechanism by which an official state flower would be
chosen. As a result of a statewide vote of Tennessee school children the passionflower was declared the official state flower of Tennessee.
Two State Flowers Fast-forward 11 years to 1930.
In the early 1930s, flower gardening was gaining popularity in the state. Along with the increased interest in flower gardening came garden clubs and along with
garden clubs came appreciation and fascination with the iris, a flower that had been cultivated for thousands of years.... READ
MORE.. |
State Cultivated Flower
The Tennessee state cultivated flower, the iris, was designated as the state flower in 1933 by the Tennessee Legislature without regard to the
previously selected passion flower.
In the early 1930s, garden clubs had become quite popular around the state. With the growth of the garden clubs, the dissatisfaction with the passionflower as a
representative of the state grew as well and supporters of the iris moved to have it designated the official state flower. They claimed that the passionflower was
never "officially" adopted and they managed to pass legislation adopting the iris as Tennessee's state flower.
If the iris supporters thought that the passion flower had been forgotten, they were very wrong. Criticisms flew and the arguments between the two groups were
passionate and often heated. In 1973, after forty years of argument, the Tennessee Legislature found compromise by declaring the passion flower (original state
flower) the official state wildflower and the iris (adopted in 1933) the official state cultivated flower. |
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Adoption of the Tennessee State Bird
In 1933, the Tennessee Ornithological Society initiated a statewide campaign of education in connection with a vote to adopt an official state bird to
represent the state. The purpose of the vote was to determine the preferences of the people of Tennessee. Over 70,000 people cast votes that gave the mockingbird
(15,553) a small, but winning edge over the robin (15,073). Finishing after the top-two contenders were the cardinal (13,969 votes), the bobwhite (10,460 votes),
the bluebird (9,125 votes) and others (8,751 votes).
The mockingbird was adopted as the state bird of Tennessee by Senate Joint Resolution No. 51 on April 19, 1933. |
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The State Animal
The raccoon was adopted as Tennessee's wild animal symbol in 1971. The common raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a mammal native to the
Americas. The name "raccoon" is derived from the Algonquian Indian word "aroughcoune," which means "he who scratches with his hands." Raccoons range over the
entire USA except for the Rockies and desert southwest. |
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Tennessee State Commercial Fish:
The channel catfish (Ictalurus lacustris) was designated the official Tennessee state commercial fish in 1988. Channel catfish are bottom feeders
(sometimes called spotted cat or fiddler) and can be found in most Tennessee streams and lakes.
Ictalurus punctatus are solitary except during mating courtship and protection of young. They are
active during the night, moving around and finding food after dusk. During the day they will be most likely found in deep water with little activity. There is no
clear cut home range for channel catfish. Like many river fish, channel catfish will migrate up and down stream. |
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The Tennessee State Flag
The Tennessee State Flag was designed by a fellow named LeRoy Reeves of the Third Regiment, Tennessee Infantry. It was officially adopted by the
Tennessee State Legislature on April 17, 1905.
The geometric design sybolizes the geographical and cultural heritage of the state of Tennessee while echoing the colors of the national flag of The United States
of America. The color white symbolizes purity. The blue sybolizes the love that Tennesseans feel for their state and the red sybolizes, that in times of war and
peace, Tennesseans are true-blooded Americans. |
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Limestone, the State Rock
Limestone, found throughout Tennessee, was declared the official state rock in 1979 (Tennessee also recognizes a state stone). Tennessee marble (the
metamorphic version of limestone) is widely used in public and private buildings. Tennessee marble is a beautiful and decorative stone that graces exteriors,
floors, counters, elevators and walls with the warm tones of this unique American "rock."
Lime is also produced from limestone. Lime was used as a mortar at least 7,000 years ago in Turkey (ancient Egyptians also used lime to make plaster and mortar).
Today lime is used mostly in steel manufacturing and power plants to remove impurities and reduce emissions. Lime is also used in mining, paper production, water
and wastewater treatment, road construction, and building construction. See Geological Symbols for all 50 states |
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Tennessee State Gem:
Tennessee river pearls were designated the state gem of Tennessee in 1979. River pearls are created by mussels and are found in all colors and various
shapes (spherical, pear-shaped, and irregular). Tennessee river pearls are among the most beautiful and durable in the world.
After World War I, dams were built on many Tennessee rivers and the mussels lost their swift and shallow shoals. The waters also became more toxic. Tennessee river
pearls are collected and crafted into rings, cuff links, stick pins, and other jewelry |
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Tennessee State Folk Dance:
Tennessee designated the Square Dance as the official state folk dance in 1980. Legislation stated: "Among the traditions (of our ancestors) that have survived
intact is the Square Dane, a uniquely attractive art form that remains a vibrant and entertaining part of Tennessee folklore."
The square dance is a popular type of folk dance in the United States. This dance for four couples, or groups of four couples, is performed in a compact
framework of a square, each couple forming a side. Traditionally accompanied by a fiddle, accordion, banjo and guitar, the couples perform a variety of movements
prompted by the patter or singing calls (instruction) of a "caller". Cooperative movement is the hallmark of well-executed square dancing. |
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